ACID AND BASES

HEY EVERYONE!

PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Corrosive ('burns' your skin)
Sour taste (e.g. lemons, vinegar)
Contains hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Has a pH less than 7
Turns blue litmus paper to a red colour
Reacts with bases to form salt and water
Reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas
Reacts with carbonates to form carbon dioxide, water and a salt
EXAMPLES OF ACIDS
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in gastric juice
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Carbonic acid in softdrink (H2CO3)
Uric acid in urine
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in fruit
Citric acid in oranges and lemons
Acetic acid in vinegar
Tannic acid (in tea and wine)
Tartaric acid (in grapes)
PROPERTIES OF BASES
Corrosive ('burns' your skin)
Soapy feel
Has a pH more than 7
Turns red litmus paper to a blue colour
Many alkalis (soluble bases) contain hydroxyl ions (OH-)
Reacts with acids to form salt and water
EXAMPLES OF BASES
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or caustic soda
Calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)2 ) or limewater
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) or ammonia water
Magnesium hydroxide ( Mg(OH)2 ) or milk of magnesia
Many bleaches, soaps, toothpastes and cleaning agents